Author: aswpadminis

Many urban water bodies are crisscrossed with submerged or buried utilities while others are littered with uncharted munitions such as unexploded ordnance (UXO).  Utility markout services typically end at water’s edge.  Accurate as-built plans for submerged utilities are rare.  Over 200,000 submerged acres in the U.S. are suspected to contain uncharted UXO. Geophysical surveys reduce the probability coring equipment will strike a submerged UXO or utility causing property damage, lost service and imperil human life.  Tools such as sub-bottom profilers, … Continue reading “Controlling Uncertainty”